Una breve storia del vino e come si produce

Old wine also needed one key skill: it had to keep well. There were no glass bottles and no fridges. So people used clay jars and sealed the openings to keep air out and stop the liquid from going bad. In Georgia, people still use big clay pots like this today. Some were buried in the ground, so the temperature stayed more stable. This made fermentation more regular and gave fewer problems. The container was not just a container: it was wine technology, even then.

When cities grew, wine started to travel. It went beyond local gardens and hills. People shipped it in amphorae, tall clay jars with handles. Standard sizes made trade easier. They could count, set prices, and tax more fairly. The wine became a product that could move, be measured, and be sold again and again.

The wine also became social power. In Greek and Roman life, it appeared at banquets and meetings. People often diluted it with water. Then they talked about taste, good manners, and status. The wine showed hospitality and sometimes religion. Because it traveled well, it connected farms to cities. Because people valued it, they built vineyards, presses, and cellars.

In medieval Europe, wine survived wars, plagues, and changing borders. Vineyards stayed where the climate allowed reliable harvests. Monasteries often kept notes about vines, yields, and cellar routines. These notes helped to preserve the techniques in chaos. The wine also stayed practical, used for meals, as medicine, and for religious communion. The craft survived because communities needed it.

Later, vines moved with empires, migrations, and new settlements. Wine spread around the world. At the Cape in South Africa, vines were planted in 1655 under Dutch guidance, and documents record the first Cape wine pressed on 2 February 1659. New climates needed new habits, but the basic recipe stayed the same: grapes, yeast, containers, and time.

In California, wine began with the missions and with necessity. Spanish missionaries planted vines at Mission San Diego de Alcalá in 1769. The wine was for communion, but it was also used in everyday life. The “Mission” grape spread by cuttings, and vineyards slowly moved from the missions to farms, towns, and companies.

The first vines in Australia arrived with the First Fleet in 1788. They were planted near Sydney, and the first results were uncertain. But this planting began a long story of failures, study, adaptation, and, in the end, local pride.