Bringing Everything Together

From loose words to flowing stories

Progress Page 5 of 5

Ready for your first story!

On this last page everything comes together. You learn linking words that connect sentences, common storytelling expressions and key words that appear in almost every Italian story.

After this page you have all the tools you need to read your first Italian story with confidence. Remember: you do not have to understand every single word – focus on the main idea and enjoy the adventure!

Chapter 13

Linking words

The glue between sentences

These small words make the difference between separate sentences and a smooth story. They show relationships between events and ideas.

Basic linking words

💡 Tips

  • “Perché” means both “why” and “because”: *Perché piangi? – Perché sono triste.*
  • “Che” is very frequent as a linking word: *so che...* = I know that..., *penso che...* = I think that...
  • “Mentre” and “quando” often appear with past tenses.
  • Use “se” for conditional sentences: *se piove, resto a casa*.
e and
Marco e Anna - Marco and Anna
ma but
Piccolo ma forte - Small but strong
o / oppure or
Tè o caffè? - Tea or coffee?
perché because / why
Perché è tardi - Because it is late
quando when / while
Quando ero giovane - When I was young
mentre while
Mentre mangiavo - While I was eating
se if
Se piove - If it rains
come like / as / how
Come te - Like you
dove where
Dove abiti? - Where do you live?
che that / who / which
So che è vero - I know that it is true

Showing order and time

💡 Tips

  • Use “prima” and “poi” to show sequence: *prima studio, poi esco*.
  • “Intanto” and “nel frattempo” show that something happens at the same time.
  • “All’improvviso” and “improvvisamente” both mean “suddenly”.
  • With “dopo” you often use “di” or a noun: *dopo pranzo, dopo aver mangiato*.
prima first / before
Prima di mangiare - Before eating
poi then / afterwards
Prima mangio, poi esco - First I eat, then I go out
dopo after / later
Dopo il pranzo - After lunch
infine finally / in the end
Infine arriviamo - Finally we arrive
intanto meanwhile
Intanto piove - Meanwhile it is raining
nel frattempo in the meantime
Nel frattempo aspetto - In the meantime I wait
subito immediately / right away
Vengo subito - I’m coming right away
improvvisamente suddenly
Improvvisamente un rumore - Suddenly, a noise
all'improvviso all of a sudden
All'improvviso capisco - All of a sudden I understand

Contrast and nuance

💡 Tips

  • “Però” is often used at the start of a sentence: *Però, è bello!*
  • “Invece” emphasises contrast: *io vado, lui invece resta*.
  • “Anche se” means “even if / although”, not to be confused with “se anche”.
  • “Nonostante” and “malgrado” are more formal, but very common in written Italian.
però but / however
È caro, però è buono - It is expensive, but it is good
tuttavia however / nevertheless
Tuttavia continuo - However, I continue
invece instead / on the contrary
Lui invece no - He, on the other hand, does not
anche se even if / although
Anche se piove - Even if it rains
nonostante despite / in spite of
Nonostante tutto - Despite everything
malgrado despite
Malgrado il tempo - Despite the weather
eppure and yet
Eppure è vero - And yet it is true
anzi on the contrary / in fact
Anzi, mi piace - On the contrary, I like it

Reason and result

💡 Tips

  • “Quindi”, “perciò” and “allora” all mean “so”, but “allora” is more conversational and informal.
  • “Siccome”, “poiché”, “dato che” and “visto che” usually stand at the beginning of the sentence.
  • In written Italian, it is better not to start a sentence with “perché” meaning “because” – use “poiché” or “siccome” instead.
quindi so / therefore
Quindi partiamo - So we leave
allora so / then
Allora, cosa facciamo? - So, what shall we do?
perciò therefore
Perciò sono qui - Therefore I am here
dunque so / thus
Dunque, ascolta - So, listen
siccome since / because
Siccome piove, resto - Since it is raining, I stay
dato che given that / since
Dato che sei qui - Since you are here
visto che seeing that / since
Visto che insisti - Since you insist
poiché because
Poiché è tardi - Because it is late

Adding and listing

💡 Tips

  • “Anche” means “also/too”, but its position in the sentence changes the focus: *anche io* = me too, *io anche* = me as well.
  • “Neanche” and “nemmeno” are negative: *non voglio neanche provarci* = I don’t even want to try.
  • “Sia...sia” is more formal than “e”: *sia a Roma sia a Milano* = both in Rome and in Milan.
  • “Pure” can also mean “go ahead / feel free” in a friendly tone: *entra pure!* = come in, go ahead!
anche also / too
Anche io - Me too
pure also / as well
Vieni pure tu - You can come too
inoltre in addition / furthermore
Inoltre è caro - In addition, it is expensive
oltre a besides / apart from
Oltre a questo - Besides this
neanche / nemmeno not even / neither
Neanche io - Me neither
né...né neither...nor
Né questo né quello - Neither this nor that
sia...sia both...and
Sia Marco sia Anna - Both Marco and Anna
Chapter 14

Story expressions

Typical phrases in stories

You will see these expressions all the time in Italian stories. They help create atmosphere and describe events.

Starting a story

💡 Tips

  • Beginnings like “C’era una volta” and “Un giorno” set the scene immediately.
  • “Era una bella giornata” is typical for giving atmosphere at the start of a story.
  • Italian stories often use the imperfect tense (imperfetto) to describe the background.
C'era una volta Once upon a time (Classic fairy-tale start)
Un giorno One day (General story beginning)
Tanto tempo fa A long time ago (Long ago)
Una mattina One morning (Specific time)
Era una bella giornata It was a beautiful day (Setting the scene)
In un piccolo paese In a small village (Location at the start)
Questa è la storia di This is the story of (Introducing the story)

Emotions and reactions

💡 Tips

  • Many emotion verbs are reflexive: *arrabbiarsi, preoccuparsi, spaventarsi*.
  • “Avere paura” uses avere (to have), not essere.
  • In stories, feelings are often in the imperfect tense: *era felice, aveva paura*.
essere felice to be happy
Era molto felice - He/She was very happy
essere triste to be sad
Diventa triste - He/She becomes sad
avere paura to be afraid
Ho paura del buio - I am afraid of the dark
arrabbiarsi to get angry
Si arrabbia sempre - He/She always gets angry
sorridere to smile
Sorride felice - He/She smiles happily
piangere to cry
Piange di gioia - He/She cries with joy
ridere to laugh
Ridono insieme - They laugh together
preoccuparsi to worry
Si preoccupa per tutto - He/She worries about everything
stupirsi to be surprised
Si stupisce - He/She is surprised
spaventarsi to get scared
Si spaventa facilmente - He/She gets scared easily

Weather and atmosphere

💡 Tips

  • Use “fare” (fa) for general weather: *fa caldo, fa freddo*.
  • “C’è” literally means “there is”: *c’è il sole* = the sun is shining.
  • Use “È” for a state: *è nuvoloso, è afoso*.
Fa bel tempo The weather is nice
Fa brutto tempo The weather is bad
Piove It is raining
Nevica It is snowing
C'è il sole The sun is shining
C'è nebbia It is foggy
Tira vento It is windy
È nuvoloso It is cloudy
Fa freddo It is cold
Fa caldo It is hot
È una giornata afosa It is a humid / muggy day
Il cielo è sereno The sky is clear

Movement and action

💡 Tips

  • Many movement verbs are reflexive: *alzarsi, sedersi, fermarsi*.
  • In stories, actions can be in passato prossimo or imperfetto, depending on context.
  • “Andare via” literally means “to go away from here”, while “partire” is more formal (“to depart”).
andare via to go away / to leave
Va via di casa - He/She leaves home
tornare indietro to come back
Torna indietro - He/She comes back
avvicinarsi to approach
Si avvicina piano - He/She slowly comes closer
allontanarsi to move away
Si allontana - He/She moves away
fermarsi to stop
Si ferma subito - He/She stops immediately
correre via to run away
Corre via veloce - He/She runs away quickly
saltare to jump
Salta di gioia - He/She jumps for joy
cadere to fall
Cade per terra - He/She falls on the ground
alzarsi to get up
Si alza presto - He/She gets up early
sedersi to sit down
Si siede sulla sedia - He/She sits down on the chair

Story transitions

💡 Tips

  • Use these expressions to connect scenes smoothly.
  • “Nel frattempo” and “intanto” both mean “meanwhile”.
  • “D’un tratto” and “all’improvviso” are typical before surprising events.
  • “E così” often closes a story or episode: *E così vissero felici e contenti.*
Nel frattempo Meanwhile (Parallel event)
Il giorno dopo The next day (Time jump)
Quella sera That evening (Specific time)
Poco dopo Shortly after (Short time later)
Molti anni dopo Many years later (Big time jump)
In quel momento At that moment (Exact moment)
Proprio allora Just then (Crucial moment)
D'un tratto All of a sudden (Unexpected event)
Alla fine In the end (Conclusion)
E così And so (Result / ending)
Chapter 15

Your First Story Toolkit

The 100 most essential words

These words form the backbone of every Italian story. If you know them, you can follow the main idea of most simple texts.

Top 50 most frequent words

These 50 words together make up about 50% of any Italian text:

💡 Tips

  • The most frequent Italian words are often short function words like prepositions, articles and conjunctions.
  • If you recognise these words well, you can follow sentences more easily – even if you don’t know every noun.
  • Pay extra attention to “di”, “a” and “da”: they have many meanings depending on context.
Rang Woorden
1–10 il/la, di, e, a, un/una, essere, che, in, avere, da
11–20 per, con, non, su, come, ma, più, questo, del, si
21–30 tutto, fare, suo, anche, quando, molto, quale, dove, chi, altro
31–40 dire, uno, nostro, dal, vedere, così, se, già, due, ora
41–50 stato, solo, ancora, dopo, cosa, sempre, poi, prima, grande, stesso

Essential story words

💡 Tips

  • Story verbs like “andare”, “vedere” and “dire” appear in almost every story.
  • Learn especially the verbs and time words well: they give structure to the story.
  • Nouns like “casa” or “giorno” help you understand the context, even if you miss some details.
Categorie Belangrijke woorden
People uomo, donna, ragazzo, ragazza, bambino, persona, gente, amico, famiglia, nome
Places casa, strada, città, paese, mondo, posto, terra, mare, montagna, giardino
Time tempo, giorno, anno, ora, mattina, sera, notte, momento, volta, vita
Actions andare, venire, potere, volere, dovere, sapere, pensare, credere, sentire, parlare
Things cosa, mano, occhio, parte, acqua, porta, voce, parola, libro, storia
Qualities buono, nuovo, primo, ultimo, piccolo, vecchio, giovane, bello, vero, certo

False friends – be careful!

These words look like English words but mean something different:

💡 Tips

  • False friends are tricky – they look familiar but can mislead you.
  • Especially remember “caldo” (hot) and “freddo” (cold): their sound is the opposite of English!
  • “Bravo” usually means “good” or “well done”, not “brave”.
camera ≈ camera
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
room (bedroom)
✗ NIET
camera (photo)
parenti ≈ parents
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
relatives
✗ NIET
parents (= genitori)
fabbrica ≈ fabric
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
factory
✗ NIET
fabric / cloth (= tessuto)
bravo ≈ brave
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
good / skilful / well done
✗ NIET
brave (= coraggioso)
caldo ≈ cold
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
hot / warm
✗ NIET
cold (= freddo)
burro ≈ bureau
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
butter
✗ NIET
desk (= scrivania)
morbido ≈ morbid
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
soft
✗ NIET
morbid / unhealthy
eventualmente ≈ eventually
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
possibly / if needed
✗ NIET
in the end (= alla fine)
solo ≈ solo
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
alone / only
✗ NIET
solo (musical solo)
largo ≈ large
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
wide
✗ NIET
long (= lungo)

Quick reading reference

💡 Tips

  • Use these strategies when reading Italian texts to keep the meaning, even if you do not know every word.
  • Word recognition and context are more important than a word-for-word translation.
  • Focus on verbs: They tell you what happens.
  • Watch for signal words: Words like “ma”, “però”, “allora” show changes in the story.
  • Notice time expressions: Words like “dopo”, “prima”, “mentre” help you follow the order.
  • Skip unknown adjectives: They are often not essential for the main meaning.
  • Use context: Guess meanings from the situation.
  • Look for cognates: Words that look like English can help you.
  • Pay attention to repetition: Important words are often repeated.
  • Keep reading: Do not stop at every new word – the story will guide you.

Practice story – test yourself!

Try to understand this short story using everything you have learned so far:

💡 Tips

  • Read the story once without stopping; use context to guess unknown words.
  • Then try to repeat the sentences aloud to practise pronunciation and rhythm.
  • Notice the verb tenses: *passato prossimo* (ha trovato) vs. *imperfetto* (abitava).
  • Do not translate word by word – feel the story as a whole.

Het Verhaal:

C'era una volta un ragazzo che si chiamava Marco.

→ Once upon a time there was a boy called Marco.

Marco abitava in una piccola casa vicino al mare.

→ Marco lived in a small house near the sea.

Ogni mattina, andava sulla spiaggia per vedere il sole.

→ Every morning, he went to the beach to watch the sun.

Un giorno, mentre camminava, ha trovato qualcosa nella sabbia.

→ One day, while he was walking, he found something in the sand.

Era una bottiglia con un messaggio dentro!

→ It was a bottle with a message inside!

Marco era molto curioso.

→ Marco was very curious.

Ha aperto la bottiglia e ha letto:

→ He opened the bottle and read:

"Chi trova questo messaggio, troverà anche un tesoro."

→ "Whoever finds this message will also find a treasure."

"Cerca sotto la grande pietra vicino al vecchio albero."

→ "Look under the big stone near the old tree."

Marco conosceva quel posto!

→ Marco knew that place!

Era nel giardino di sua nonna.

→ It was in his grandmother’s garden.

Corse subito da lei.

→ He ran to her immediately.

La nonna sorrise e disse:

→ Grandma smiled and said:

"Ah, finalmente! Ho messo io quel messaggio tanti anni fa, quando ero giovane."

→ "Ah, finally! I put that message there many years ago, when I was young."

Insieme, hanno scavato sotto la pietra.

→ Together, they dug under the stone.

E cosa hanno trovato?

→ And what did they find?

Una scatola piena di foto della famiglia!

→ A box full of family photos!

Il vero tesoro non era oro, ma i ricordi preziosi della loro famiglia.

→ The real treasure was not gold, but the precious memories of their family.

Marco era felice.

→ Marco was happy.

Hulp vocabulaire:

spiaggia = beach
sabbia = sand
bottiglia = bottle
messaggio = message
tesoro = treasure
pietra = stone
albero = tree
scavare = to dig
scatola = box
oro = gold
ricordi = memories

🎉 Congratulations! 🎉

You have read all 15 chapters of this introduction. Well done! You have taken a solid step towards learning the italianas language!

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