Putting It All Together

From individual words to flowing stories

Ready for your first story!

This final page brings everything together. You'll learn the connecting words that string sentences together, common story expressions, and the most essential words that appear in almost every Italian story.

After this page, you'll have all the tools to confidently read your first Italian story. Remember: you don't need to understand every word - focus on the main plot and enjoy the adventure!

Chapter 13

Connecting Words

The glue between sentences

These small words make the difference between isolated sentences and a flowing story. They show relationships between events and ideas.

Basic connecting words

e and
Marco e Anna - Marco and Anna
ma but
Piccolo ma forte - Small but strong
o/oppure or
Tè o caffè? - Tea or coffee?
perché because/why
Perché è tardi - Because it's late
quando when
Quando ero giovane - When I was young
mentre while
Mentre mangiavo - While I was eating
se if
Se piove - If it rains
come like/how
Come te - Like you
dove where
Dove abiti? - Where do you live?
che that/which
So che è vero - I know that it's true

Indicating sequence & time

prima first/before
Prima di mangiare - Before eating
poi then/after
Prima mangio, poi esco - First I eat, then I go out
dopo after/later
Dopo il pranzo - After lunch
infine finally
Infine, arriviamo - Finally, we arrive
intanto meanwhile
Intanto piove - Meanwhile it rains
nel frattempo in the meantime
Nel frattempo, aspetto - In the meantime, I wait
subito immediately
Vengo subito - I'm coming immediately
improvvisamente suddenly
Improvvisamente, un rumore - Suddenly, a noise
all'improvviso all of a sudden
All'improvviso capisco - All of a sudden I understand

Contrast & nuance

però but/however
È caro, però è buono - It's expensive, but it's good
tuttavia nevertheless
Tuttavia, continuo - Nevertheless, I continue
invece instead/on the contrary
Lui invece no - He, on the other hand, doesn't
anche se even if/although
Anche se piove - Even if it rains
nonostante despite
Nonostante tutto - Despite everything
malgrado despite
Malgrado il tempo - Despite the weather
eppure and yet
Eppure è vero - And yet it's true
anzi on the contrary/rather
Anzi, mi piace - On the contrary, I like it

Reason & consequence

quindi so/therefore
Quindi partiamo - So we leave
allora then/so
Allora, cosa facciamo? - So, what do we do?
perciò therefore
Perciò sono qui - Therefore I'm here
dunque so/well then
Dunque, ascolta - Well then, listen
siccome since/as
Siccome piove, resto - Since it's raining, I'll stay
dato che given that
Dato che sei qui - Given that you're here
visto che seeing that
Visto che insisti - Seeing that you insist
poiché since/because
Poiché è tardi - Since it's late

Adding & listing

anche also/too
Anche io - Me too
pure also
Vieni pure tu - You come too
inoltre furthermore
Inoltre, è caro - Furthermore, it's expensive
oltre a besides/in addition to
Oltre a questo - Besides this
neanche/nemmeno not even/neither
Neanche io - Me neither
né...né neither...nor
Né questo né quello - Neither this nor that
sia...sia both...and
Sia Marco sia Anna - Both Marco and Anna
Chapter 14

Story Expressions

Typical phrases in stories

You'll encounter these expressions constantly in Italian stories. They help set the mood and describe events.

Starting the story

C'era una volta Once upon a time (Classic fairy tale beginning)
Un giorno One day (General story beginning)
Tanto tempo fa A long time ago (Distant past)
Una mattina One morning (Specific time)
Era una bella giornata It was a beautiful day (Setting the mood)
In un piccolo paese In a small town (Place indication)
Questa è la storia di This is the story of (Introduction)

Emotions & reactions

essere felice to be happy
Era molto felice - He was very happy
essere triste to be sad
Diventa triste - He becomes sad
avere paura to be afraid
Ho paura del buio - I'm afraid of the dark
arrabbiarsi to get angry
Si arrabbia sempre - He always gets angry
sorridere to smile
Sorride felice - He smiles happily
piangere to cry
Piange di gioia - He cries with joy
ridere to laugh
Ridono insieme - They laugh together
preoccuparsi to worry
Si preoccupa per tutto - He worries about everything
stupirsi to be surprised
Si stupisce - He is surprised
spaventarsi to get scared
Si spaventa facilmente - He gets scared easily

Weather & atmosphere

Fa bel tempo The weather is nice
Fa brutto tempo The weather is bad
Piove It's raining
Nevica It's snowing
C'è il sole The sun is shining
C'è nebbia It's foggy
Tira vento It's windy
È nuvoloso It's cloudy
Fa freddo It's cold
Fa caldo It's hot
È una giornata afosa It's a muggy day
Il cielo è sereno The sky is clear

Movement & action

andare via to go away
Va via di casa - He leaves home
tornare indietro to go back
Torna indietro - He goes back
avvicinarsi to approach
Si avvicina piano - He approaches slowly
allontanarsi to move away
Si allontana - He moves away
fermarsi to stop
Si ferma subito - He stops immediately
correre via to run away
Corre via veloce - He runs away quickly
saltare to jump
Salta di gioia - He jumps for joy
cadere to fall
Cade per terra - He falls to the ground
alzarsi to get up
Si alza presto - He gets up early
sedersi to sit down
Si siede sulla sedia - He sits down on the chair

Story transitions

Nel frattempo Meanwhile (Parallel event)
Il giorno dopo The next day (Time transition)
Quella sera That evening (Specific moment)
Poco dopo Shortly after (Quick succession)
Molti anni dopo Many years later (Big time jump)
In quel momento At that moment (Precise timing)
Proprio allora Just then (Crucial moment)
D'un tratto Suddenly (Unexpected event)
Alla fine In the end (Conclusion)
E così And so (Result/closure)
Chapter 15

Your First Story Toolkit

The 100 most essential words

These words form the backbone of every Italian story. If you know these, you'll understand the main thread of most simple texts.

Top 50 most frequent words

These 50 words make up about 50% of every Italian text:

Rang Woorden
1-10 il/la, di, e, a, un/una, essere, che, in, avere, da
11-20 per, con, non, su, come, ma, più, questo, del, si
21-30 tutto, fare, suo, anche, quando, molto, quale, dove, chi, altro
31-40 dire, uno, nostro, dal, vedere, così, se, già, due, ora
41-50 stato, solo, ancora, dopo, cosa, sempre, poi, prima, grande, stesso

Essential story words

Categorie Belangrijke woorden
People uomo, donna, ragazzo, ragazza, bambino, persona, gente, amico, famiglia, nome
Places casa, strada, città, paese, mondo, posto, terra, mare, montagna, giardino
Time tempo, giorno, anno, ora, mattina, sera, notte, momento, volta, vita
Actions andare, venire, potere, volere, dovere, sapere, pensare, credere, sentire, parlare
Things cosa, mano, occhio, parte, acqua, porta, voce, parola, libro, storia
Qualities buono, nuovo, primo, ultimo, piccolo, vecchio, giovane, bello, vero, certo

False friends - WATCH OUT!

These words look like English but mean something different:

camera ≈ camera
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
room
✗ NIET
photo camera (= macchina fotografica)
parenti ≈ parents
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
relatives
✗ NIET
parents (= genitori)
fabbrica ≈ fabric
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
factory
✗ NIET
fabric (= tessuto)
bravo ≈ brave
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
good/skilled
✗ NIET
brave (= coraggioso)
caldo ≈ cold
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
hot
✗ NIET
cold (= freddo)
burro ≈ burro
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
butter
✗ NIET
donkey (= asino)
morbido ≈ morbid
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
soft
✗ NIET
morbid
eventualmente ≈ eventually
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
possibly/if necessary
✗ NIET
eventually (= alla fine)
solo ≈ solo
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
only/alone
✗ NIET
solo music
largo ≈ large
✓ Betekent eigenlijk
wide
✗ NIET
large (= grande)

Quick reference for reading

  • Focus on verbs: They tell what happens
  • Watch for signal words: ma, però, allora indicate important turns
  • Recognize time indicators: dopo, prima, mentre help understand the sequence
  • Skip unknown adjectives: They're often not crucial to the story
  • Use context: Guess meanings from the situation
  • Look for cognates: Words that look like English
  • Notice repetition: Important words come back often
  • Keep reading: Don't stop at every unknown word

Practice story - Test yourself!

Try to understand this short story with everything you've learned:

Het Verhaal:

C'era una volta un ragazzo che si chiamava Marco.

→ Once upon a time there was a boy named Marco.

Marco abitava in una piccola casa vicino al mare.

→ Marco lived in a small house near the sea.

Ogni mattina, andava sulla spiaggia per vedere il sole.

→ Every morning, he went to the beach to see the sun.

Un giorno, mentre camminava, ha trovato qualcosa nella sabbia.

→ One day, while walking, he found something in the sand.

Era una bottiglia con un messaggio dentro!

→ It was a bottle with a message inside!

Marco era molto curioso.

→ Marco was very curious.

Ha aperto la bottiglia e ha letto:

→ He opened the bottle and read:

"Chi trova questo messaggio, troverà anche un tesoro."

→ "Whoever finds this message will also find a treasure."

"Cerca sotto la grande pietra vicino al vecchio albero."

→ "Look under the big stone near the old tree."

Marco conosceva quel posto!

→ Marco knew that place!

Era nel giardino di sua nonna.

→ It was in his grandmother's garden.

Corse subito da lei.

→ He ran to her immediately.

La nonna sorrise e disse:

→ Grandma smiled and said:

"Ah, finalmente! Ho messo io quel messaggio tanti anni fa, quando ero giovane."

→ "Ah, finally! I put that message there many years ago, when I was young."

Insieme, hanno scavato sotto la pietra.

→ Together, they dug under the stone.

E cosa hanno trovato?

→ And what did they find?

Una scatola piena di foto della famiglia!

→ A box full of family photos!

Il vero tesoro non era oro, ma i ricordi preziosi della loro famiglia.

→ The real treasure wasn't gold, but the precious memories of their family.

Marco era felice.

→ Marco was happy.

Hulp vocabulaire:

spiaggia = beach
sabbia = sand
bottiglia = bottle
messaggio = message
tesoro = treasure
pietra = stone
albero = tree
scavare = to dig
scatola = box
oro = gold
ricordi = memories

🎉 Congratulations! 🎉

You've completed all 15 chapters! You're now ready to read your first Italian story.

Remember: it's not about perfection, but about enjoyment and understanding. Buona lettura!